荷载-位移曲线相关
讲一个很少或几乎没有书去讲的一个问题,就是关于如何解读荷载-位移曲线的。判断平衡状态是否稳定可通过应用Ляпунов(李雅普诺夫)一次近似理论[1],即对于方程通过特征值实部正负来加以判断: (1)如果其特征方程所有特征根均具负实部,则进行轻微扰动后,将依旧回到原平衡位置; (2)如果特征方程至少具有一个正实部的根,则进行轻微扰动后,将无法回复到原平衡位置。……
国际体育仲裁法庭的判决书里写着WADA要求的是2到8年的禁赛,然后说是根据国际泳联禁药控制条例(FINA DOPING CONTROL RULES)10.7.1条做出八年处罚。Considering that, in June 2014, the Athlete was found guilty of a first anti-doping rule violation (ADRV), the……
国际体育仲裁法庭的判决书里写着WADA要求的是2到8年的禁赛,然后说是根据国际泳联禁药控制条例(FINA DOPING CONTROL RULES)10.7.1条做出八年处罚。
Considering that, in June 2014, the Athlete was found guilty of a first anti-doping rule violation (ADRV), the Panel concluded that, in accordance with Article 10.7.1 FINA DC, an eight-year period of ineligibility, starting on the date of the CAS award, has to be imposed on the Athlete for this second ADRV.
去看了下其中的10.7条是讲多次违规该做什么处罚的,10.7.1如下所示。
DC 10.7 Multiple Violations DC 10.7.1 For an Athlete or other Person’s second anti-doping rule violation, the period of Ineligibility shall be the greater of:
(a) six months;
(b) one-half of the period of Ineligibility imposed for the first anti-doping rule violation without taking into account any reduction under DC 10.6;
(c) two times the period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable to the second anti-doping rule violation treated as if it were a first violation, without taking into account any reduction under DC 10.6. The period of Ineligibility may then be further reduced by the application of DC 10.6
孙杨2016年第一次禁赛是6个月,假定确有第二次违规,禁赛时长应该是? 怎么算都应该是12个月啊。(22点时的看法)
不过想想WADA的人怎么可能搞错最基本的禁赛时长。发现可能我对于“two times the period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable to the second anti-doping rule violation treated as if it were a first violation”这句话理解错了。有翻译说应该按照第二次罪名的两倍处罚,意思就是说,孙杨第二次犯得是抗检(DC 2.3 Evading, Refusing or Failing to Submit to Sample Collection ),然后这个“罪”首犯应该是四年,除非能证明非故意(但也得初次禁赛两年)。换句话说孙这样的应该是4~8年。
DC 10.3.1 For violations of DC 2.3 or DC 2.5, the Ineligibility period shall be four years unless, in the case of failing to submit to Sample collection the Athlete can establish that the commission of the anti-doping rule violation was not intentional (as defined in DC 10.2.3), in which case the period of Ineligibility shall be two years.
所以看起来孙杨难了。因为被认定抗检了,最好的情形是缩减到4年把。
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